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In Solidum Definition

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In Solidum: A Comprehensive Q&A Guide



Introduction:

The term "in solidum" (Latin for "in the whole") refers to a legal principle where multiple debtors are jointly and severally liable for a single debt. This means a creditor can claim the full amount of the debt from any one of the debtors, regardless of their individual share of responsibility. Understanding "in solidum" is crucial in various legal contexts, including contract law, tort law, and inheritance law, impacting both creditors seeking recovery and debtors managing their potential liabilities. This article will explore the concept through a question-and-answer format, providing clarity and practical examples.


I. What exactly does "in solidum" liability mean?

In simple terms, "in solidum" liability means that multiple people are responsible for a debt as a single unit. If three individuals are liable "in solidum" for a $30,000 debt, a creditor can sue any one of them for the full $30,000. The creditor doesn't have to pursue each debtor individually for their proportional share. Once the debt is paid by one debtor, the others are released from their obligation. However, the debtor who paid the full amount can then pursue reimbursement from the other debtors for their proportionate share, based on an agreement or legal principles of contribution.


II. How does "in solidum" differ from joint liability?

Joint liability requires the creditor to sue all debtors simultaneously. The creditor can't collect the full amount from a single debtor. Instead, they must collect their proportional share from each individual. If one debtor is insolvent, the creditor bears the loss of that portion. "In solidum" liability, on the other hand, empowers the creditor to pursue any single debtor for the full amount, simplifying the recovery process and mitigating the risk of partial recovery.


III. What are some real-world examples of "in solidum" liability?

Guarantors: Multiple individuals guaranteeing a loan are often liable "in solidum." The bank can pursue any one guarantor for the entire outstanding loan amount if the borrower defaults.
Joint business ventures: Partners in a business venture might be held "in solidum" for debts incurred by the partnership. A creditor can sue any one partner for the entire debt.
Tort law: If multiple individuals are jointly responsible for causing harm (e.g., a car accident involving multiple negligent drivers), they can be held "in solidum" liable for the damages. The injured party can sue any one of them for the full compensation.
Inheritance: Heirs inheriting a debt with "in solidum" liability are jointly and severally responsible for the full amount, regardless of their inheritance share.


IV. How is "in solidum" liability established?

"In solidum" liability is typically established through:

Contractual agreement: Parties explicitly agree in a contract to be liable "in solidum." This is common in surety agreements and partnership agreements.
Legal statute: Certain laws mandate "in solidum" liability in specific situations, such as in some cases of joint tortfeasors.
Judicial interpretation: Courts might interpret ambiguous contracts or situations to imply "in solidum" liability based on the context and intent of the parties involved.


V. What are the implications for debtors under "in solidum" liability?

Debtors under "in solidum" liability face a significant risk. Any one of them can be held responsible for the entire debt, even if they only contributed a small portion to the underlying obligation. This necessitates careful consideration of agreements and potential liabilities before entering into contracts or partnerships that could lead to "in solidum" liability. It also highlights the importance of internal agreements amongst the debtors regarding contribution and reimbursement if one debtor pays the entire debt.


Conclusion:

"In solidum" liability significantly impacts both creditors and debtors. It provides creditors with a stronger position to recover debts, while simultaneously placing a greater responsibility on debtors. Understanding this concept is vital for navigating various legal and financial situations, requiring careful consideration of contractual obligations and potential liabilities.


FAQs:

1. Can a debtor who paid the full amount under "in solidum" liability reclaim the entire sum from the other debtors? No, they can only claim reimbursement for the other debtors' proportionate share, as determined by agreement or applicable legal principles of contribution.

2. Does "in solidum" liability apply internationally? The application of "in solidum" liability varies across jurisdictions. While the principle exists in many legal systems, the specific rules and conditions may differ.

3. Can a creditor choose which debtor to sue under "in solidum" liability? Yes, the creditor has the freedom to sue any one of the debtors for the full amount. This choice doesn’t affect the debtors’ right to seek contribution from others.

4. What happens if one debtor is insolvent under "in solidum" liability? The other debtors will share the insolvent debtor's portion of the liability, proportionally. If multiple debtors are insolvent, the remaining solvent debtors will bear a larger share.

5. Can "in solidum" liability be waived? Yes, it can be waived through a contractual agreement that explicitly states the debtors are liable only for their respective shares, changing the nature of the liability to joint liability.

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Search Results:

Team of priests in solidum - Wikipedia The legal term originates in the Roman law of Obligations; where entering into an in solidum agreement involved a high degree of risk. For if one creditor had received all that was due, or one debtor had paid all, there was no subsequent right of contribution by the others.

In solidum Definition - Law Insider Related to In solidum. Total solids means the sum of suspended and dissolved solids. Commercial solid waste means all types of solid waste generated by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, and other nonmanufacturing activities, excluding residential and industrial wastes.

Qu’est-ce que l’obligation in solidum - Fiches et cours de droit, d ... 26 Dec 2022 · Définition et nature juridique de l’obligation in solidum. L’obligation in solidum est l’obligation de plusieurs personnes qui sont tenues pour le tout envers le créancier mais en dehors de toute manifestation de volonté, en dehors de tout contrat ou de toute disposition légale.

Définition de in solidum | Dictionnaire français - La langue française 20 Nov 2024 · (Latinisme en droit) Qualifie une obligation de plusieurs personnes tenues chacune responsable pour le tout envers le créancier. En matière de responsabilité civile, être lié in solidum signifie que chaque débiteur est entièrement redevable de l'intégralité de la dette envers le créancier. Source : Gallicagram.

in solidum | Everyday Dictionary of Law | Copperpod IP Jointly and severally; short for singuli et in solidum. Where a group of persons share liability for a debt, such as co-signers to a loan, the debtor can sue a single party in solidum, that is jointly and severally, to recover the entire amount owed.

In Solidum Definition The term "in solidum" (Latin for "in the whole") refers to a legal principle where multiple debtors are jointly and severally liable for a single debt. This means a creditor can claim the full amount of the debt from any one of the debtors, regardless of their individual share of responsibility.

Was bedeutet „in solidum"? - katholisch-eschweiler.de 2 Mar 2024 · Der lateinische Begriff „in solidum" bedeutet soviel wie „solidarisch". Mit der Beauftragung des Bischofs an die beiden Pfarrer ist daher ihre gemeinschaftliche Zuständigkeit ausgesagt. Das Leitungsmodell „in solidum" bezeichnet also ein Teammodell.

In solidum - Définition - Dictionnaire juridique On dit que de deux ou de plusieurs personnes qu'elles sont tenues "in solidum" lorsqu'elles ont contracté une obligation au tout, et ce, sans que se produisent les autres effets de la solidarité. L'exemple type est celui des relations d'un assuré avec son assureur.

What Does “In Solidum” Mean in Legal Terms? - LegalClarity 21 Jan 2025 · Explore the legal meaning of "in solidum," its distinction from joint liability, and its role in civil actions and co-defendant obligations. In legal terminology, “in solidum” is essential for understanding liability among multiple parties.

Definition of "in solidum" - Latest Laws Definition and use; in solidum: For the whole: Where a group of persons share liability for a debt, such as co-signers to a loan, the debtor can sue a single party in solidum, that is, to recover the entire amount owed.

Obligation in solidum ? Définition et effets | Cours complet Qu’est-ce que l’obligation in solidum ? L’obligation in solidum est une notion créée par la Cour de cassation dont le régime est fortement emprunté à l’obligation solidaire. Elle s’exerce sous le régime du droit commun des obligations. De ce fait, il faut établir l’existence d’une faute, d’un dommage ainsi qu’un lien de causalité entre eux.

solidum definition · LSData Definition: Solidum (sol-uh-duhm) is a Latin term used in Roman law to refer to a whole or undivided thing. It is often used in the context of solidary obligations, which are joint and several liabilities or obligations.

Définition du terme in solidum : condamnation, obligation - Doc … 20 Nov 2017 · Définition et explication du terme in solidum ; la condamnation in solidum, l'obligation in solidum, la distinction entre les deux, puis l'action récursoire.

L’obligation in solidum - Le Droit dans tous ses états 20 Sep 2017 · I) Obligation in solidum / obligation solidaire. À l’instar de l’obligation solidaire, l’obligation in solidum appartient également à la catégorie des obligations au total dans la mesure où elle échoit à une pluralité de débiteurs sur lesquels pèse une …

What does "in Solidum" Mean? (with picture) - MyLawQuestions 16 May 2024 · In a legal case, when more than one party, either working in concert or consecutively, engage in behavior that causes damage to a plaintiff, the court may permit the victim to sue each liable party for the entire amount of the damage, called either solidary liability or liability in solidum.

in solidum definition · LSData in solidum (in sol-uh-dum) is a Latin term that means "as a whole." It refers to an obligation that creates joint and several liability. For example, if two people are jointly and severally liable for a debt, they are each responsible for the entire amount of the debt, not just a portion of it.

IN SOLIDO - The Law Dictionary Definition and Citations: In the civil law. For the whole; as a whole. An obligation in solido is onewhere each of the several obligors is liable for the whole; that is. it is joint and several.Henderson v. Wadsworth. 115 U. S. 204, 6 Sup. Ct. 140, 29 L. Ed. 377.

Definition of IN SOLIDUM • Law Dictionary • TheLaw.com Legal definition for IN SOLIDUM: For the whole. Bi plures sint fldejussores, quotquot eruni nu mero, singuli in solidwm tenentur, if there be several sureties, however numerous they may be, they are individ.

IN SOLIDUM - The Law Dictionary Find the legal definition of IN SOLIDUM from Black's Law Dictionary, 2nd Edition. For the whole. Si plures sint fidejussores, quotquot erunt nu- mero,singuli in solidum tenentur, if there be several sureties, however numerous they may...

Condamnation in solidum : définition et principes - Info Juri 11 May 2017 · La condamnation in solidum est une pratique qui permet de condamner in solidum plusieurs personnes pour un même préjudice. Une obligation in solidum permet de régler la dette de façon solidaire en théorie.