=
Note: Conversion is based on the latest values and formulas.
Household responsibility system - Wikipedia The household responsibility system (simplified Chinese: 家庭联产承包责任制; traditional Chinese: 家庭聯產承包責任制; pinyin: jiātíng liánchǎn chéngbāo zérènzhì), or contract responsibility system, was a practice in China, first adopted in agriculture in 1979 and officially established in 1982, by which households are ...
Household responsibility system and China's agricultural Growth ... 13 Jun 2020 · The rise of the Household Responsibility System has been widely viewed as a significant contribution to China's agricultural growth. However, this empirical conclusion is rested upon a convenient but doubtful presumption that the process of institutional change, also known as decollectivization, is exogenous.
The Household Responsibility System - Chinaculture.org The Household Responsibility System, instituted in 1978, reallocated collective agricultural land to individual rural households, giving them relative autonomy over land use decisions and crop selection.
Household responsibility system and China's agricultural Growth … Household Responsibility System (HRS). Although only 1.02% of all production teams had converted to HRS by the end of 1979, this share rapidly increased to 98% by the end of 1983 (Figure 1).
Household Responsibility System - Definition, History, Examples The Household Responsibility System (HRS) is a departure from collective farming aimed at boosting agricultural productivity by giving individual households greater control over their farming activities.
Martyn’s Law Factsheet – Home Office in the media 3 Apr 2025 · Conversely, if a stately home puts on a concert in its grounds and maintains control of the site for the purposes of that concert, the stately home will be the responsible person. This would be the case even if the stately home contracted organisations to do aspects of the event (e.g. to provide door security or ticketing).
1983: Household Responsibility System -- china.org.cn 16 Sep 2009 · The household responsibility system was created by the peasants but spread nationwide with the support of the central government. More than 93 percent of production teams had adopted the system by ...
What Should National Policy-Makers Do To Make Care Closer To Home … 28 Mar 2025 · Issue thirteen: there is limited capacity and capability within integrated care systems to deliver care closer to home . There has been an erosion of capacity and capability when it comes to the leadership, commissioning and improvement of primary and community services within local systems. This started with the changes to primary care ...
Household responsibility system - ProleWiki 22 Nov 2024 · The household responsibility system (Simplified Chinese: 户口; Pinyin: hùkǒu) was adopted by the People's Republic of China in 1958. This system, which came to replace collective farming, maintained socialist public ownership of land and some of the means of production, but made it the responsibility of households.
Household responsibility system - (History of Modern China The household responsibility system is an agricultural reform policy introduced in China during the late 1970s that allowed individual households to take charge of agricultural production while still being part of a collective.
Sustainable Agriculture: The Household Responsibility System: A … 13 Jun 2024 · The Household Responsibility System (HRS) has been a transformative approach in the realm of sustainable agriculture, particularly in China where it originated. This system allocates land to individual households who are then responsible for the production and management of crops on that land.
The Household Responsibility System - JSTOR The Household Responsibility System in China's Agricultural Reform: A Theoretical and Empirical Study* Justin Yifu Lin Development Institute, Research Center for Rural Development, the State Council, and Beijing University The emergence and eventual prevalence of …
Household Responsibility System The household responsibility system (household contract responsibility system with remuneration linked to output) has been a crucial state policy the Chinese government adopted since 1978. Literally, "responsibility" means that an individual household, or a group of households, assumes the task of production for and payment to the government.
Household Responsibility System - ChinaConnectU autumn of 1980, the household responsibility system was introduced experimentally in rural China, most famously in Anhui Province. The household responsibility system had two major forms. The first involved contracting output to the house-hold (baochan daohu); the second involved contracting everything to the household, or contracting tasks to
Resolving Douglass C. North's ‘puzzle’ concerning China's household ... China's system of rural land ownership, known as the household responsibility system (‘HRS’), had emerged out of community-level initiatives in the late 1970s before being taken up by county and provincial-level governments and eventually embedded in national legislation.
Nationwide Introduction of the Household Responsibility Contract System ... 31 Dec 2015 · The household responsibility system was the specific mechanism that suited the needs of China’s agricultural productive forces and also facilitated the continued advanced of productive forces.
Guide to the Renters’ Rights Bill - GOV.UK 16 Jan 2025 · The bill will improve the current system for both the 11 million private renters and 2.3 million landlords in England. ... and that the responsibility for preventing and resolving damage caused by ...
The household responsibility system reform and the adoption of … 1 Oct 1991 · The rural reforms, which began in 1979, transformed the team system to a household-based farming system, now called the household responsibility system. By 1983, 97 percent of the original collective teams had been replaced by the new household system.
Household Responsibility System - Oxford Reference 3 Apr 2025 · The household responsibility system is an essential component of the agricultural reform initiated by China in the late 1970s. Under the system, land or certain tasks are contracted to individual households for a period of time.
Understanding household food waste in the UK: the Household … 19 Mar 2025 · The Household Food Management Survey (previous the Food Tracker Survey) is WRAP’s flagship annual food waste study. Running since 2007, it’s the largest and longest-running survey of its kind; gathering, monitoring and comparing evidence on the attitudes, knowledge and behaviours around food waste in our homes. The results inform how WRAP, …
The Household Responsibility System, Karl Marx's Theory of … The Household Responsibility System (HRS) has improved agricultural productivity and promoted economic growth and thus relieved poverty in the rural population of China.
The responsibility of health: shifting the focus from individuals to ... Social determinants of health, although widely acknowledged, tend to be poorly translated into policy. Health programme initiatives too often underline individual accountability, which reinforces a flawed narrative that overlooks structural barriers—poverty, inequitable access to resources, unsafe environments, and harmful commercial practices—which shape health behaviours.1
Extended Producer Responsibility - Alberta.ca 31 Mar 2025 · Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is the next evolution in Alberta’s recycling system that ultimately saves Albertans money and sees less waste end up in landfills. EPR is operated and managed by the Alberta Recycling Management Authority (ARMA). ERP takes the financial burden of recycling single-use plastics, paper and packaging and ...
Aggregate and distributional impacts of China’s household ... 22 Jul 2019 · What became known as the household responsibility system (HRS) is considered to have started as an illegal experiment in Anhui Province and then spread throughout China. In this 40-year retrospective study, I quantify some aggregate and distributional effects of these reforms, accounting for features not previously considered, by using modern ...
This 36198 The Household Responsibility System, Karl Marx’s ABSTRACT: The Household Responsibility System (HRS) has improved agricultural productivity and promoted economic growth and thus relieved poverty in the rural population of China.
To describe the "household responsibility system" as "dividing the … 26 Jan 2025 · The household responsibility system is an important part of rural reform, which is fundamentally different from "dividing the land and working alone". We should face up to history, correctly understand and evaluate this system, and avoid misleading future development due to misunderstanding.