A Halogen In Period 5

Iodine: A Deep Dive into a Period 5 Halogen

This article delves into the fascinating world of iodine, a halogen element residing in period 5 of the periodic table. We'll explore its physical and chemical properties, its unique role in biological systems, its diverse applications, and its environmental considerations. Understanding iodine is crucial not only for appreciating the trends within the halogen group but also for recognizing its significant impact on human health and various industrial processes.

1. Physical Properties and Electronic Configuration

Iodine (I), atomic number 53, is a lustrous, dark-grey solid at room temperature, exhibiting a metallic sheen. Unlike the lighter halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine), which are gases or volatile liquids, iodine's larger atomic size and weaker intermolecular forces result in a solid state. Its density is notably higher than other halogens, reflecting the increased mass concentrated within its atomic structure.

The electronic configuration of iodine is [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁵. This configuration highlights its seven valence electrons, a characteristic feature of all halogens, which readily explains its high electronegativity and tendency to gain one electron to achieve a stable noble gas configuration ([Xe]). This strong electron affinity drives its reactivity. Its relatively large atomic radius also influences its reactivity, making it less reactive than lighter halogens like fluorine and chlorine.

2. Chemical Properties and Reactivity

Iodine's chemical behavior is primarily dictated by its need to gain one electron to achieve a stable octet. It reacts readily with many metals, forming ionic compounds called iodides. For instance, the reaction between iodine and sodium produces sodium iodide (NaI):

2Na(s) + I₂(s) → 2NaI(s)

Iodine also reacts with non-metals, though less vigorously than the lighter halogens. It reacts with hydrogen to form hydrogen iodide (HI), a strong acid:

H₂(g) + I₂(s) → 2HI(g)

Unlike the other halogens, iodine exhibits some metallic properties under certain conditions. For example, it forms a conductive solution in certain non-aqueous solvents.

3. Biological Significance and Applications

Iodine's most well-known role is its essentiality in human health. It's a crucial component of thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T₄) and triiodothyronine (T₃), which regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Iodine deficiency can lead to goiter, a swelling of the thyroid gland, and various developmental problems, particularly in children. Iodized salt, containing added potassium iodide or sodium iodide, is a common solution to combat iodine deficiency.

Beyond its biological importance, iodine finds applications in various fields:

Medicine: Iodine and its compounds are used as disinfectants and antiseptics, for instance, in povidone-iodine solutions for wound cleaning.
Industry: Iodine is used in the production of catalysts, dyes, and photographic films.
Analytical Chemistry: Iodine is used in titrations (iodometry and iodimetry) to determine the concentration of various substances.

4. Environmental Concerns

While iodine is essential for life, excessive iodine intake can be detrimental to health. Additionally, certain iodine compounds can be environmentally harmful. Industrial discharge of iodine-containing compounds needs careful management to prevent water pollution and potential bioaccumulation in the food chain.

5. Conclusion

Iodine, a unique period 5 halogen, showcases the fascinating diversity within the halogen group. Its distinctive physical and chemical properties, coupled with its crucial biological role and diverse applications, highlight its importance in both natural and human-engineered systems. Understanding its behavior and impact is essential for ensuring both human health and environmental sustainability.

FAQs

1. Is iodine radioactive? Most iodine isotopes are stable, but ¹²⁵I and ¹³¹I are radioactive and are used in medical imaging and radiotherapy.

2. How is iodine deficiency treated? Iodine deficiency is primarily treated by increasing iodine intake through iodized salt or iodine supplements.

3. What are the symptoms of iodine toxicity? Symptoms of iodine toxicity include thyroid problems, gastrointestinal issues, and skin rashes.

4. Is iodine flammable? Solid iodine is not flammable, but iodine vapor can react explosively with certain substances.

5. What is the difference between iodide and iodine? Iodine (I₂) is the elemental form, while iodide (I⁻) is the anion formed when iodine gains an electron.

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Which halogens are found in period 5 on the periodic table? 15 Feb 2017 · In period 5 of the periodic table, there are two halogens: bromine (Br) and iodine (I). The halogens are located in group 17, and they are known for their reactivity and tendency to …

9 what halogen is period 5? (a) iodine b chlorine (c) fluorine (d ... As a result, each period reflects the closure of the main electron shell (quantum level). In Period 5 of the periodic table, 5p, iodine (I) corresponds to the halogen element.

The Halogens – Trends, Reactivity, and Properties of Group 7 … Fluorine being the smallest halogen atom will be able to attract a negatively charged electron from a metal atom more strongly towards its positively charged nucleus and so is the most reactive …

List of Halogens (Element Groups) - ThoughtCo 30 Jul 2024 · The halogen elements are located in group 17 or VIIA of the periodic table, which is the second-to-last column of the chart. This is a list of elements that belong to the halogen …

What is the chemical symbol for the halogen located in period 5 The halogen located in period 5 of the periodic table is Iodine. Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. It is a member of the halogen group. Here is a brief …

What is the name of the halogen in period five? - Quizlet Since the first period starts with Hydrogen and Helium, fluorine is in the second period, and counting to five from there, the element should be Iodine. Thus, the name of the halogen in …

Periodic Table of the Elements - Halogens - Gordon England The halogens or halogen elements; fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), Iodine (I), astatine (At) and possibly the unknown (Uss), are a group of nonmetal elements. The term "halogen" …

What is the name of the halogen in period 5: a. astatine | Quizlet In this exercise we need to determine what is the name of the halogen in period 5. Halogens are chemical elements located in the 17th group of the periodic table. Most of them are metals, …

The halogens - science-revision Fluorine being the smallest halogen atom will be able to attract a negatively charged electron from a metal atom more strongly towards its positively charged nucleus and so is the most reactive …

Halogens . 5th period .Andrea Brigette & Rachel - Prezi Halogens (: By: Andrea Williams Brigette Duncan Rachel Mcneely 5th (: Halogens The halogens or halogen elements are a series of nonmetal elements from group 17 of the periodic table: …

Highlight the element in period 5 that is a halogen - Studocu Element in Period 5 that is a Halogen The element in period 5 that is a halogen is Bromine (Br). Bromine is a nonmetal and belongs to group 17 of the periodic table, also known as Continue …

What is the symbol for the halogen in Period 5? – Heimduo What halogen is in the 5th period of the periodic table? chlorine Hail to the Halogens. Five elements are located in the fifth row of the p-block: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), …

Provide the symbol of the element that is in period 5 of the halogen ... The halogen in period 5 is** Iodine,** and its ion is isoelectronic with Ba2+ since they share the same number of electrons. Explanation: The element in period 5 of the halogen family is Iodine …

Chapter 22.5: The Elements of Group 17 (The Halogens) 28 May 2025 · This page titled Chapter 22.5: The Elements of Group 17 (The Halogens) is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Anonymous. …

What is the halogen in period 5?? it has six letters To identify the halogen in period 5 of the periodic table, we need to look at the elements in group 17, which is the halogen group. The halogens in the periodic table are Fluorine (F), Chlorine …

Periodic Table Periods – Period Definition, List, Trends 16 Apr 2025 · Key Takeaways: Periodic Table Periods. A period is a horizontal row on the periodic table.; The periodic table has 7 periods.; Elements in the same period have the same number …

What is the name of the halogen that is in period 5? Yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), technetium (Tc), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), and cadmium (Cd) are the period 5 transition metals. …

Period 5 element - Wikipedia The fifth period contains 18 elements, beginning with rubidium and ending with xenon. As a rule, period 5 elements fill their 5s shells first, then their 4d, and 5p shells, in that order; however, …

What is the halogen in period 5 of the periodic table? - Answers 29 May 2024 · The halogens or halogen elements (/ˈhælədʒɨn/) are a group in the Periodic Table consisting of five chemically related elements, fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine …

Chemistry Halogens - Shmoop The halogens have valence electron configurations of ns 2 np 5 where n is the period that they call home. That means they only need to gain a single electron (with a minus one charge) in …

What is the name of the halogen that is in period 5? - Gauth 1 Identify the halogens in period 5 of the periodic table. - The halogens in period 5 are bromine (Br) and iodine (I).

What is the halogen in period 5 that has six letters? - Brainly.com 21 Apr 2016 · The halogen in period 5 with six letters is Iodine. It is located in Group 17 of the periodic table, where all halogens are found. Iodine is notable for its distinct purple color in its …

A Halogen In Period 5

Iodine: A Deep Dive into a Period 5 Halogen

1. Physical Properties and Electronic Configuration

2. Chemical Properties and Reactivity

3. Biological Significance and Applications

4. Environmental Concerns

5. Conclusion

FAQs

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